引用 Lesson 7 Too late ----- Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another
引用
David 的 Lesson 7 Too late ----- Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another
Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★detective n. 侦探
detective story 侦探小说 a private detective 私人侦探
★airport n. 机场 at the airport
★airfield n. 飞机起落的场地 on the airfield
port 港口; airport航空港
field 田野; airfield 停机坪
★expect v. 期待, 等待
except (prep)除……之外
expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事
I expect that he will come.
I expect to be back on Sunday.
England expects every man to do his duty.
I love argument, I love debate. I don’t expect anyone just sit there and agree with me.
I expect so.我希望如此［口语］ I don’t expect so. I think so
expect sth.及物动词 : I expect your letter.
I expect you to write back.
wait for sth./wait for sb.不及物动词
expect:心理上的等待
wait for:动作上的等待
I wait for my mother.
I expect my mother to come back.
spect : respect inspect expect
★valuable adj. 贵重的
★precious adj. 珍贵的
value n.v ---valuable adj.有价值的
sth. is valuable/sth.is precious
precious 带有感情色彩的
precious photo 珍贵的照片
price 价格; Priceless adj.-less 表否定; 没有价格的, 无价的 invaluable
Valueless adj. 没有价值, 不足道的
worth 值 : Worthless adj. 无价值的
This book is of great value to me.
A good reputation is more valuable than money.
★parcel n. 包裹
★diamond n. 钻石
precious stone 宝石
crystal 水晶; jade 玉
diamond ring 钻石戒指
★steal v. 偷
Steal, stole, stolen
Steal sth. 偷(某物)
Rob sb. 抢(某人)
My wallet was stolen.
I was robbed.
rob the bank 与地点相连的偷抢都用rob+地点
he used to steal money from his father’s desk drawer.
He stole her a necklace.
It’s a real steal.
Years following years steal something every day. At last they steal us from ourselves away.
Time steals away from you when you having fun.
★main adj. 主要的
main building; main street
main sentence; main idea
但不能与人连用
Chief CEO = Chief Executive Officer
★guard n. 警戒, 守卫
life guard 救生员/body guard 保镖
★stone n. 石子
★sand n. 沙子 sands = 沙滩 brick 砖
本课重点 : 过去进行时, 一般过去时
一般过去时与现在完成时
共同点 : 动作在过去都做过了.
区别 : 过去式只能强调过去的事, 和现在没有任何关系.
I ate a piece of bread.
现在完成时, 过去的事情对现在产生的影响.
I have eaten a piece of bread this morning. I’m not hungry.
The clock stopped.陈述事实
The clock has stopped.过去的事实对现在造成影响
It snowed yesterday.
It has snowed yesterday.强调对现在造成影响
本课重点 : 过去进行时, 一般过去时
Too late
He will be late for his own funeral.
You’ll understand it early or late (sooner or later.)
Better late than never.
It is never too late to learn.
【课文讲解】
The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.
All morning=all the morning
The plane was late 飞机晚(点)了
The bus was late./The train was late.
detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探, 强调侦探这种人
笼统感念, 可不加some, the
....were waiting... 故事背景, 用进行时态
They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.
They were expecting...期待着心理上的等
They were waiting for...
a valuable parcel of diamonds
a cup of tea 强调的是茶
South Africa 南非
A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.
a few hours earlier 几个小时以前
a few hours before/a few hours ago
someone had told...过去完成时, 过去以前发生的事情
...that thieves would try to...
would do 过去将来时,间接方式, 转述, 站在过去看未来
When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.. .
when; while 当……时候
while能用when代替; 但是when却不一定能用while代替.
while+从句, 动作一定会延续
when+延续性动词/瞬间动词; when he arrived when he died
when, while强调动作同时发生
过去进行时 :
在过去的某一点时间, 或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作
1. 瞬间动词没有进行时态, 所以两个动作同时发生, 延续性动词用进行时态, 瞬间
动词使用过去时态
I am arriving 进行时态表示将要
When he arrived, I was having dinner.
2．同时发生的两个动作, 是分工的情况, 动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎相同, 均用过去进行时;
When I was doing my homework, my mother was cooking.
I was listening to the radio, my sister was dancing.
When my mother was doing the housework, my father was watching TV.
3． 同时发生的两个动作 一个用一般过去时, 另一个用过去进行时 动作长用过去进行时, 动作短用一般过去时;
When the telephone rang, I was opening the door.先开门
When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door. 电话先响
Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.
Two men took the parcel off...
Take sth. off...=take sth. Away from...
and carried it into...carried 表示看得很重
Customs House 海关
While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.
表面上是分工, 两个动作同时发生, 不是同时开始同时结束, 延续时间不一致,
长一点时间的动作用进行时态, 短时间的动作用过去时.
When someone knocked at the door, I was having dinner.
keep guard 守卫; at the door 在门边(固定搭配)
To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!
To their surprise
to one's great surprise,让某人惊讶的是
To one’s +表达人情绪的名词
To one's joy/delight/pleasure/ excitement
To my joy, my mother came here yesterday.
To our excitement, our team wins.
To one’s sorrow/grief
To one’s regret
To one’s relief
To one's amazement/ shock/ astonishment
To one’s disappointment/ embarrassment
be full of ...装满
My bag was full of books.
The cup is full of water.
总结
a few hours earlier 几个小时以前
to one's surprise,...
be full of 装满
重点 : 过去动作同时发生的时态
过去两个动作同时发生, 习惯上一个用一般过去时, 另一个用过去进行时;
1. 分工的情况, 动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎相同, 均用过去进行时;
2. 两个动作在同时段进行, 在不同时间结束, 先发生的动作未结束, 另一个动作
发生, 先发生的动作用进行时态, 另一个动作用过去时.
3. 瞬间动词没有进行时态, 所以两个动作同时发生, 延续性动词用进行时态, 瞬间
动词使用过去时态.
【Special Difficulties】 难点
Do you remember these sentences?
come and look at...
I am looking for...
v.+ prep.+宾语
Now read these sentences
v.+ prep./adv.代表不同的意思
look at 看; look after照料
v.+ prep./adv.+宾语(n.)
v.+宾语(n./pron.)+prep./adv.
take off the coat......take the coat off/take it off
coat n.作宾语
put on your shoes/put your shoes on/put them on
宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词
介词出现, 一定要有宾语, 所以 v.+prep.+宾语(n.)
副词可省略.v.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv. 或 v.+adv.+宾语(n.)
at,after prep; off adv.
vt.+宾语(及物)
vi.+prep.+宾语(不及物)
take vt./look vi.
I always take money with me.我身上总带些钱
Exercise
put the book on the desk--> put vt.
put out...-->out adv.
He is looking for his pen.......for prep.
1 He gave away all his books.
2 She woke up the children early this morning.
3 He is looking for his umbrella.
4 They cut off the king's head.
5 Put on your hat and coat.
6 Give it back to your brother.
7 Help me to lift up this table.
8 Take off your shoes and put on your slippers.
9 He is looking at the picture.
10 Send her away or she will cause trouble.
11 They have pulled down the old building.
12 Make up your mind.
13 He asked for permission to leave.
She threw away all those old newspapers.
1. Give away...-->give(vt.)-->give...away
2. Woke up...-->wake sb.(vt.);up(adv.)-->wake...up...
wake me up.叫醒我; 代词做宾语, 放在动词与副词之间
3. look for...-->look(vi.)
4. Cut off...-->cut(vt.);cut oneself; cut hair
5. put on...-->put...on...
6. Give it back...-->it (pron.)
7.lift up...-->up(adv.)可省略; lift(up)sth;lift sth.up
8.take off...;put on...--->take (vt.)Put (vt.)
9.look at...--->look(vi.)
10.send her away...---her(pron.)
11.pull down...-->pull(vt.);down(adv.)
pull one's leg 开玩笑
You are pulling my leg.你开我玩笑
12.make up...--->make(vt.)up one's mind习惯用法不换,语法上可换
13.ask for...-->ask(sb.)for sth. 其实是省略sb.故不可换
14.throw away...-->throw(vt.)...away...
宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词
vt.+adv.+宾语(n.)
vt.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv.
vi+prep.+宾语(n.)
look at her;at (prep)
put him off;off(adv)
词组当中的练习, 短语be interested in 不能用at on等代替
如果不能接收, 就记住－－放弃
如果已经说过, 还没有明白, 就要执著弄懂
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
5 Someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. This happened ______ the plane arrived.
a. before b. after c. when d. as soon as
5.had done.——两个动作先后发生(一个动作结束, 另一个动作才发生)用过去完成时
before:在……之前 as soon as:一……就
8 The detectives were ______ a valuable parcel of diamonds.
a. expecting b. waiting c. expecting for d. expecting to
I expect so. I expect your letter. Expect somebody to do
9 The parcel was valuable. It was ______ .
a.worth b.worthy c. precious d. value
9.valuable......precious value:名词
worth后面一定要加动词 something is worth...
The book is worth reading.(动名词)
The book is worth three dollars.
Worthy adj n......be worthy of(固定搭配)
This book is worthy of being read [to be read].
这本书值得一读.
acts worthy of punishment
应该受处分的行为
Worthless adj......something is worthless(后面不加任何东西)
10 The thieves wanted to ______ the diamonds.
a. rob b. steal c. take from d. take to
10.加something做宾语的一定是steal
【Key structures】 关键句型
Exercises D
1 As my father ______ (leave) the house, the postman ______ (arrive).
2 Tom ______ (work) in the garden while I ______ (sit) in the sun.
3 As I ______ (walk) down the street, I ______ (meet) Charlie.
4 While he ______ (read) the letter, he ______ (hear) a knock at the door.
5 While mother ______ (prepare) lunch, Janet ______ (set) the table.
6 She ______ (drop) the tray when I ______ (speak) to her.
1.As:正当 将要走 be doing was leaving ...arrived(两个瞬间动词同时发生可能性很小, 应具体分析, 故用进行时态表将来)
2.was working...was sitting
3.was working...met
4.was reading...heard : hear是不用进行时态的
5.set the table摆桌子 was preparing...set
6.dropped...was speaking
Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★competition n. 比赛, 竞赛
Race: car race
Match: football match
contest : baby contest 更广泛（
beauty contest 选美
暗地里的竞争－competition
game : 游戏, 运动
tournament 锦标赛 联赛
championship 冠军联赛
rival competitor opponent
★neat adj. 整齐的, 整洁的
neat=tidy adj / v tidy (up) the room 整理房间
★path n. 小路, 小径 亦作pathway
Way road street lane alley drive avenue boulevard sidewalk close/ dead end
★wooden adj. 木头的
Silken
forest / lumber/timber
★pool n. 水池(人工的)
swimming pool 游泳池
pond 天然的 《golden pond》—金色池塘
比较级－than
最高级－of all
He is the tallest of all. He is the tallest in the room.
the+ -est.
More interesting the most interesting
1、三个或者是三个音节以上——多音节
比较级的构成 : more+原级 最高级的构成 : the most+原级
2、单音节的词用er
3、双音节 以y结尾的双音节词去y后+ier(大多数情况)
clever cleverer more clever
slowly more slowly
often more often
fun:快乐 more fun 美国人用
无规律 : good well(better best) bad (worse worst) many much(more most) little(less least) far (farther further , farthest furthest) old(older elder, oldest eldest)
farther:距离上的远和更远 further:程度 further more(更有甚者)
older:比...大 elder : 做定语修饰其他名词 elder sister (年长的)姐姐
She is older than somebody
音节：
如：take 拿，ta'ble 桌子，pota'to` 马铃薯，pop`ula'tion 人口，congrat`ula'tion 祝贺。
【课文讲解】
Joe Bill the writer
Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.
the most beautiful the largest the worst
Joe's garden is the most beautiful.
Bill's garden is the largest.
The writer's is the worst.
Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.
Nearly = almost
enter for:报名参加, 强调报名 take part in 真正的参加
enter for the exam
Each/every
Each (every) student is healthy
Each of the boys /every one of the boys.
Every man can’t be a teacher.
win:赢 won--won I win. I lose(输了)
Win something I win the book. I win the gold cup
win后面往往是奖品
win a prize:赢得了一个奖
win a prize for:因为...而获奖
win不能接对手
She has a nature that quickly wins her the friendship of others.
Beat/defeat+对手 I defeat you.
Overcome difficulties
I came, I saw, I conquered.
Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.
比较的东西都是同类的事物 Joe’s 的 “’s” 不能省略
Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting.
He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.
build： Reading builds the mind.
Construct: they are planning to construct an office building.
Construction
Skyscraper
I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work.
Too, I like gardens.
I also like gardens.
I like gardens as well.
Either
I don’t like gardens either.
Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
【Key structures】 关键句型
最高级的标志 : of in
in+地点 of+范围
Exercises D (用of或in填空)
1 Which is the longest river ______ the world?
2 This is the finest picture ______ them all.
3 This stereo is the most expensive ______ all the ones in the shop.
4 He is the best boxer ______ our town.
1.in 2.of 3.of 4.in
【Special Difficulties】 难点
Everyone knows him
Exercises A
1 Everybody (believe) (believes) he will win.
2 I heard a noise and went downstairs. I found that everything (were) (was) in order.
3 Everyone (try) (tries) to earn more and work less.
1.believes 2.was 3.tries
Exercises B(必要时填上for)
1 He is very ill. No one is allowed to enter ______ his room.
2 Will you enter ______ this week's crossword competition?
3 Many athletes have entered ______ the Olympic Games this year.
4 No one saw the thief when he entered ______ the building.
5 I have entered ______ the examination but I don't want to take it.
enter/enter for
1...enter his room
enter 直接使用表示进入; enter for : 表示报名
2....enter for this week's...
crossward 文字游戏
3...enterd for the Olympic Games...
athletes : sportsman 运动员, 体育家
4....entered...the building.
5....entered for the examination...
enter+地点名词
enter for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
3 Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. It is ______ .
a. larger garden b. a large garden c. large garden d. largest garden
3. ...It is...
It 指代前一句的主语, Bill Frith's garden
两者比较, 不可能出现最高级
garden 可数名词
garden 单数 : a garden
garden 复数 : gardens (不可能有第三种情况)
It is a larger garden.
可数名词 + a/an 或者 –s
6 The writer is fond of gardens. ______ .
a. They like him b. They like to him c. He likes them d. He likes
6......C
be fond of: like
I like sth.
I love sth.
I enjoy sth.
I am fond of sth.
8 Joe wins every time. He always ______ Bill Frith.
a. wins b. beats c. gains d. earns
8.....B
对手关系不能用win
defeat v.击败
beat v.打败; 打
gain:get sth.
earn:挣得 : Earn money
9 Joe grows more flowers. More flowers ______ in his garden.
a. grow b. grow tall c. grow up d. grow big
Grow vt.: grow sth; grow flowers...种植
Grow vi.:sth grow; flowers are growing;...生长
in the garden 地点状语
grow tall/grow big 变得...;一般不加形容词
grow up: up adv.表示向上; 只和人连用, 表示人的长大
10 Joe's garden is interesting. Joe is ______ in gardening.
a. interesting b.interest c.interestingly d.interested
10...D
sth.is interesting……是令人感兴趣的
be interested in....(对自己感兴趣)对---感兴趣
11 The writer doesn't like hard work. It's ______ to look after a garden.
a.a hard work b.a hard job c.hard job d.hardly a job
it 作形式主语; 真正的主语是to look after the garden
hard work 繁重的工作
work不可数名词/job可数名词
a hard work 错
a hard job
hard job 错
hardly a job : hardly adv.几乎不
Have you understood me?
Sorry,I have hardly understood you.
12 Every year the writer enters for the garden competition ______ .
a.very b.also c.and d.either
12....B
very 不单独使用
and 并列连词, 不放在句子末尾
either也, 表否定
also 表示也, 可以放在句子末尾
often 可以放在句子末尾
形容词的比较级和最高级
☻比较级最高级的变化规律
1 单音节和少数双音节词， 在词尾加－er, -est.
rich (富裕的) richer richest
poor (贫穷的) poorer poorest
long (长的) longer longest
short(短的) shorter shortest
high (高的) higher highest
low (矮的) lower lowest
2 如果形容词词尾是e的， 只加－r, -st.
fine (好的) finer finest
brave(勇敢的) braver bravest
simple(简单的) simpler simplest
wise (明智的) wiser wisest
close (近的) closer closest
scarce(稀少的) scarcer scarcest
3 如果形容词是以y结尾的，变y为i，再加er或est.
busy(忙碌的) busier busiest
happy(幸福的) happier happiest
easy (容易的) easier easiest
early (早的) earlier earliest
angry (愤怒的) angrier angriest
friendly( 友好的) friendlier friendliest
4．也又一些单词可以直接加er或变y为i再加er 或est.
Shy （害羞的） shyer shyest
Shier shiest
Sly （狡猾的） slyer slyest
Slier sliest
5． 如果形容词词尾是闭音节，即元音加辅音，则要双写辅音，再加er 或est.
big bigger biggest
fat fatter fattest
thin thinner thinnest
hot hotter hottest
形容词最高级之前一定要加定冠词the
例句：
The toughest thing about success is that you’ve got to keep on being a success.
The finest steel has to go through the hottest fire.
The longest journey of any person is the journey inward.
The mightiest rivers lose their force when split up into several streams.
The people in your life can be your greatest resource.
☻1 双音节或多音节的形容词，一般再前面加more或most.
active (活跃的) more active most active
difficult (困难的) more difficult most difficult
successful (成功的) more successful most successful
important (重要的) more important most important
2 有些多音节形容词是由双音节形容词加前缀变化而来，如果原来的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级加er 或est ，则这些多音节形容词也一样，
Uneasy(不安的) uneasier uneasiest
Unfriendly(不友好的) unfriendlier unfriendliest
Unhappy (不幸福的) unhappier unhappiest
Unlucky ( 不幸的) unluckier unluckiest
例句
The most certain way to succeed is to try just one more time.
The most harmful enemy I have is me.
The most difficult thing in life is to know yourself.
Communication is the most important skill in life.
3．有些双音节形容词即可以再后面加er或est ，也可以再前面加more或most.
bitter bitter bitterest
more bitter most bitter
common commoner commonest
more common most common
handsome handsomer handsomest
more handsome most handsome
pleasant pleasanter pleasantest
More pleasant most pleasant
stable stabler stablest
More stable most stable
4. 个别形容词由特殊变化形式。
good better best
well better best
Many more most
much more most
little less least
bad worse worst
far farther farthest
further furthest
5． 表示“较不” 和最不，在形容词前分别加less 和 least.
Useful less useful least useful
Strong less strong least strong
Expensive less expensive least expensive
Intelligent less intelligent least intelligent
6. 本身带由比较含义的形容词包括 equal(平等的) equivalent(相等的) inferior(地位比较低的，质量比较次的) superior(地位比较高的，质量比较好的)， junior( 较年轻的，地位较低，资质比较浅的) senior(较年长的，地位较高的，资质比较深的) second (次要的) next （次要的）等。在两个事务之间作比较时，这些形容词使用原型，其后面跟介词to.
Knowledge is equivalent to power.
Something inside people is superior to circumstances.
形容次的比较句型
1 more…. than
表示 “比······更，两个事务作比较，后接连词than,引出比较对象。
A learned fool is more foolish than an ignorant fool.
The whole is bigger than the sum of the parts.
Blood is thicker than water
Interdependence is a higher value than independence.
2 形容词比较级之前可以加表示程度的词语，如much, far, a lot等。
You can be a lot happier than you have expected.
It is much more difficult to judge oneself than to judge others.
Inside your skin is a far more successful person than you now believe yourself to be.
3 Nothing …….more than
表示 “没有什么比…….更, 形式上时比较句型,实则表达最高级意义.
Nothing is more terrible than ignorance in action.
Nothing is a greater misfortune than not being able to bear misfortune.
4. no more …..than
表示 “ 和…….一样不”, 是同级否定表达.
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.
5.The more …… the more
两个分句分别时定冠词加形容词比较级, 表示越…….就越……..
The more you learn from the past, the fewer regrets you have.
The greater your ability to understand, the better listener you will become.
6. as……..as
同级比较句型,表示和…….一样. 形容词置于两个as之间,要求用原型.
A man can be as great as he wants to be.
What happens is not as important as how you react to what happens.
Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★welcome n. 欢迎; v. 欢迎
a cold welcome 冷遇
a warm welcome 热烈欢迎
welcome to+地点
welcome to China
Welcome to my home/welcome home/welcome back
You are welcome./welcome adj.
You are welcome to+地点
The chairman said welcome to the foreign friends.
Advice is seldom welcome; and those who want it the most always like it the least.
★crowd n. 人群
crowd :in the crowd 在人群中
I spotted him in the crowd 我在人群中一眼就认出了他
a crowd of people 没有次序的人群, 拥挤的人群
a group of people 有次序的人群
a large crowd of people 一大群人/crowds of people 许多人, 人山人海
mass
throng
gang
★gather v. 聚集
people gathered 人们聚集在一起, 尤指自发性的聚集
a rolling stone gathers no moss.
we are gathered here together to celebrate the games of the new millennium.
We are gathered here together to celebrate the spring festival.
people gathered 人们聚集在一起, 尤指自发性的聚集
a rolling stone gathers no moss.
we are gathered here together to celebrate the games of the new millennium.
We are gathered here together to celebrate the spring festival.
hand n.手
Minute hand/second hand/hour hand
second hand 二手的, 旧的
wait me a moment/wait me a few seconds(for a few secs.)
secs.:seconds的缩写
★shout v. 喊叫
call out 大声喊叫
cry out 大声哭喊
They shouted at the boy in anger.
He shouted to us to come.
We shouted for victory.
They shouted with their utmost strength.
★refuse v. 拒绝
The great river refuses no streamlets.
Believe in yourself, but do not always refuse to believe in others.
refusal
They announced their refusal to play the game.
decline: He smilingly declined to attend the party.
reject: She rejected my advice on further consideration.
★ laugh v. 笑
A fool laughs at himself.
Laugh before breakfast, you’ll cry before supper.
Laughter is the best medicine.
【Text】
【课文讲解】
A cold welcome 冷遇
cold 冷的, 寒冷的, 冷淡的
cold fish 冷漠的人
lucky dog 幸运的人
My brother is a cold fish.
What does "a cold welcome" refer to ?
refer to : 指……
On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall.
On Wednesday evening
in the evening
Wednesday修饰evening
Town Hall 市政厅
It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.
the last day of the year 一年中的最后一天
a large crowd of the people一大群人
had gathered 强调事件的时间是过去的过去
It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time.
It指clock
strike v. : strike the clock敲钟/clock strike钟自己响
Listen, the clock is striking.
strike twelve 数字表示敲击的次数
in twenty minutes' time : 20分钟之后
in 表示在段时间以后
根据时态判别in 表示的含义
would strike过去将来时, 从过去看未来
minutes'名词所有格
It will leave in...Minutes’ time
in twenty(minutes’ time)名词所有格可省略
How far is the school from here?
3 minutes' walk.
Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.
pass 过了
to 没到
...minutes pass...前半小时
25 minutes passed eight
...minutes to ...后半小时
a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine
时刻指点时间, 时间指段时间
时刻前的介词用at
at five to twelve作时间状语
一般过去时the clock stopped
顺序句式..., the clock stopped at five to twelve.
The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened
big minute hand 大分针
waited and waited 等啊等啊, 强调动作的重复
walked and walked ,run and run
we ate and ate, but felt very hungry.
but 然而, 表转折
nothing happened
happen vi.事情做主语, 事情发生
what happened?
Suddenly someone shouted. 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!
someone shouted 有人大声喊
It's two minutes past twelve!
I go to school at seven o'clock.时间状语
It's nine o'clock;现在9点了(不强调在那一刻)
The clock has stopped!现在完成时, 强调过去动作导致的结果.
I have had my breakfast.我已经吃过早餐了
I looked at my watch. It was true.
I looked at my watch.
It was true...这是一个事实
The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.
refuse to do sth.拒绝去做某事
I refuse to leave.我拒绝离开
I refuse to move.我拒绝移动
At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.
at that moment :just then就在那时
at the moment: now 现在, 此刻, 在此时
过去时 began to laugh and sing.
〖本课重点〗
1...minutes passed and then, sth.happened.
2.What happened? Nothing happened.
3.It was true.
【Key structures】 关键句型
When did you arrived?
I arrived at ten o'clock.
At/in/on/others
When...?
in the morning; in the afternoon; in the evening
on Friday; on 15th January; on Wednesday evening; on fine afternoon 有修饰词用on
in a week; in January; in Feb.
in summer; in spring; in autumn; in winter
in 1992;in 1999
at night; at noon; at dawn; at dusk; at five to twelve; at ten o'clock at lunch time
Exercises B
1 He has gone abroad. He will return ______ two years' time.
2 ______ Saturdays I always go to the market.
3 I never go to the cinema ______ the week.
4 He ran a hundred metres ______ thirteen seconds.
5 I can't see him ______ the moment . I'm busy.
6 My birthday is ______ November 7th I was born ______ 1974.
7 The days are very short ______ December.
8 We arrived at the village late ______ night. We left early ______ the morning.
9 I shall not hear from him ______ tomorrow.
1.in; 2.on; 3.in没有强调自始自终 4.in 5.at(at the moment=now) 6.on;in 7.in; 8.at;in 9.until
【Special Difficulties】 难点
not...any and no...
any 用于否定句和疑问句中, some用于肯定句(或要求得到肯定回答的疑问句)
Do you have any friends?
I don't have any friends.
not 用在非实义动词后面, 实义动词前面.
not any=no adj.用在名词前面
I have no friends.
Exercise B
He hasn't any hobbies. ---->He has no hobbies.
He does not go anywhere.--->He goes nowhere
He does not see anybody.--->He sees nobody.
He is not interested in anything--except food!---->He is interested in
nothing --except food
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
4 The people ______ under the Town Hall clock.
a. were b. was c. is d. be
4. A
people:人们, 做主语是一定是复数
police, cattle是复数
8 How many times did the clock ______ ?
a. hit b. beat c. knock d. strike
8. D
敲门用knock
敲钟用strike
hit轻和strike重(hit hard)在一定的时候可以互换, 一般表示打一下
beat 连续不断的打 beat drums敲鼓
12 It refused to welcome the New Year. It ______ .
a. denied it b. wanted to c. didn't want to d. wished to
deny:否认, 拒绝去承认, 后面一般加名词
refuse:拒绝
Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★ jazz n. 爵士音乐
A kind of music
例: Slang Don't give me any of that jazz about your great adventure!
别再向我胡吹你那了不起的奇遇吧!
Don't jazz me.
别骗我
★musical adj. 音乐的
music student : the student who learned music
musical student :有音乐天赋的(当与人连用时)
Musical performance
Musical director
★instrument n. 乐器
Instrument=musical instrument
★clavichord n. 古钢琴, 不是现代的piano
a kind of instrument
★recently adv. 最近
Recently=lately
★damage v. 损坏
break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重
destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁
spoil (spoiled or spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏(重点词)
以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而spoil主要指精神上
★key n. 琴键
Key to the door
Do you know the key(答案)to the question?
key(关键)structure
★string n. (乐器的)弦
He made the second string on the football team.
You're always harping on the samestring.
a gift/love with no strings attached.
★shock v. 使不悦或生气, 震惊
跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是 “人” (以sth为主语)
The news shocks me 这个消息使我震惊
凡是能够用 “人” 做宾语, 又是表示人的情绪活动的动词, 有两个形容词形成 :
1.令人……; + -ing 2.感到…… + -ed
It shocked me.
It is shocking.
I'm shocked.
Get a shock n.
sb.get a shock
surprise 好事坏事都可以, 只要你没有料到 I want to give you surprise.
shock 必指坏事, 令人不悦, 生气的
★allow v. 允许, 让
1、allow doing
Smoking is allowed.＝people allow smoking
They don’t allow smoking here.
2、allow sb. to do sth
My mother didn’t allow me to swim.
She wouldn’t allow us in.
sb.be allowed to do sth.
You are allow to smoke(被动语态)
Allow常用于被动语态, 习惯上用被动
You are not allow to enter the room if you don't take the card with you
★ touch v. 触摸, 碰
Just don't touch anything in my room!
His story touched us deeply.
He never touches alcoholic drinks.
She never touched the subject.
The topic doesn’t touch you.
He didn’t touch any food.
No one can touch her in tennis.
【课文讲解】
Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐
What happened to the clavichord?
We have an old musical instrument.
It is called a clavichord.
We call it a clavichord.
be done (被动语态)
call sb. sth.称某人为什么
sb. be called
It was made in Germany in 1681.
Be made
1、be made in +地点
2、be made of
be made from(看不出原料/多种原料):由……制造(材料)
The ring is made of gold.
It is made from plastic.
3、be made into:被……制成
The gold is made into a ring.
Our clavichord is kept in the living room.
Keep: May I keep this book?
He keeps a garden for jenny.
Rogers has a wife to keep.
Everyone must keep the law.
Vegetables keep us healthy.
Don’t keep students waiting
The fire kept burning all night.
Whatever happens, keep on trying.
is done:被动语态的一般现在时
was done:被动语态的一般过去时
使用那一个不取决于动词, 而取决于该句话的时态
It has belonged to our family for a long time.
Belong to 不能使用进行时 也不能使用被动语态.
belongings
The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.
只要见到ago,一定使用过去时
主动语态的主语变到被动语态中要在前面加by
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
Recently = lately
She tried to play jazz on it!
play: 1.跟球类连用, 直接+球类; 2.跟乐器连用, +the+乐器, 演奏乐器而非音乐
play music on + 乐器 , 一定要用 “on”
She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.
hard: 修饰动作程度的重和深
My father was shocked.
Now we are not allowed to touch it.
It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.
汉语中习惯用主动形式, 英语中习惯用被动形式
be done: 被动语态
be being done : 被动语态的现在进行时
be动词有多少种时态, 被动语态就有多少种
Have been done
Will be done
Can be done
Had been done
Is/am/are/was/were/ done
被动语态的一般现在时:
The cake is made by my mother.
You are ruled by your habits.
被动语态的一般过去时:
The cake was made.
We were taught how to respond to adversity.
被动语态的一般将来时
I will make a cake.
Tomorrow the cake will be made.
Today’s work will be surpassed tomorrow.
现在完成时的被动语态
The cake has been made.
The building has been built.
过去完成时的被动语态
The cake had been made.
I was glad that my worries had been successfully got rid of.
强调对象是人用主动, 强调对象是物用被动, 被强调的部分永远做主语
双重所有格/双重属格 : 名词+of+名词所有格(名词性的物主代词)
只有一张照片 my photo
很多照片中的一张 a photo of mine
It happened to a friend of mine.
A friend of hers
A friend of his
A friend of yours
【Special Difficulties】 难点
Exercise A
1 Is your watch made ______ gold?
2 These knives were made ______ Sheffield.
3 This cake was made ______ sugar, flour, butter and eggs.
Of 2.in 3.from
Exercise B(改写以下斜体部分)
1 He borrowed one of my records.
2 She showed me one of John's pictures.
3 It was one of her ideas.
4 One of your letters was found on my desk.
5 Some of their friends came to see me.
1. He borrowed a record of mine.
2. She showed me a picture of John's
3. It was an idea of hers.
4. A letter of yours was found on my desk.
5. Some friends of theirs came to see me.
双重属格结构 :
"a friend of my father"
"my father's friend(s)" ……只有一个(很多)朋友
"a friend of my father's" √
强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候, 选用双重属格结构
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
7 We are not allowed to touch it. We ______ touch it.
a. mustn’t b. mustn't to c. haven't to d. don't have to
7....A
"We are not allowed to touch it."不被允许
肯定结构中must和have to是一个概念
否定结构中must和have to就不一样了
mustn't:不准, 不可以
have to的否定 : 不必(have实意动词)……don't have to
You don't have to go to school.
You mustn't go to school.
9 It’s kept in the living room. That's where we ______ it.
a. have b. hold c. lift d. carry
9....A
keep(kept, kept):保持; 保存
Keep sth.+地点 : 在某地放...(状态)
put:放(动作)
That's where
That's后面+以特殊疑问词引导的从句
That's why:那就是...的原因
That's where:那就是...地点
lift:举起
carry:扛着, 背着, 抱着
hold:拥有, 持有, 握着
have:拥有
10 The visitor damaged it. She ______ it.
a. hurt b. pained c. broke d. destroyed
10....C
"damaged"……可以修复
destroy……无法修复
pain……有身体的疼痛
hurt……hurt oneself/身体的某个部位/feelings: 受伤,伤害
身体的某个部位+hurt: ...疼痛
My hand hurts.
My leg hurts.
Hurt my leg.
broke——打破, 打断, 打碎
Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来
Who paid for Tony's dinner?
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★ turn n. 行为, 举止
That story turns my stomach.
这个故事令我作呕
Turn the car to the left.
把车朝左拐
His speech turned my thinking.
他的演说改变了我的想法
The milk turned because we did not refrigerate it.
牛奶变酸了，因为我们没有它放到冰箱里
News of the scandal turned public opinion against the candidate.
关于丑闻的报道使公众舆论都反对候选人
turn : 对人有影响力的行为
behavior : 行为, 举止
Pay attention to your behavior
Behave yourself!
How is your new car behaving?
If you behave like that, you'll get yourself disliked.
Behave yourself; don't make a fool of yourself
★deserve v. 应得到, 值得
He deserves praise.他应该得到表扬
You deserve the best.你应该得到最好的
1、deserve + n.
promotion : 提升
He deserved a promotion.
Good work deserves good pay.
2、deserve to do: 应该...
She deserved to be punished.
I don't deserve you
She doesn't deserve me
You deserve someone better
★ lawyer n. 律师
Attorney:
lawyer's office : 律师事务所
★bank n. 银行
rob the bank : 抢银行
★salary n. 工资
pay : 工资(salary wage) 通用
salary:工资(月薪, 年薪)……有固定工作或管理阶层
wage:工资(按小时, 周计算的)……不稳定的工作
bonus : 奖金, 分红
collet:搜集, 领取 collect salary/wage : 领工资
★immediately adv. 立刻
at once : 立刻, 马上
right now : 现在
right away : ＝at once, immediately 立刻, 马上
【Text】
Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来
First listen and then answer the question. 听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
Who paid for Tony's dinner?
【课文讲解】
One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来, 善有善报
One bad turn deserves another 恶有恶报
I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.
restaurant[5restErRnt; (?@) 5restErEnt]:注意读音
Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank.
some/several years ago
名词-s,前面省略了some
working at a bank 比较稳定
He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.
He gets a good salary.薪水不错
borrow from : 从...借
What's your salary?
Annual salary
fat salary
Base salary+ commission+ bonus
Prepay salary
pay back : 还钱
never=not 前面不需要加助动词
and连接三个并列的动词
Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table
at the same table : 坐在同一张桌子旁边
at table : 吃饭
at the table:坐在桌子旁边
Would you like to join us?
He has never borrowed money from me.
has never borrowed 潜台词perhaps,this time he would borrow from me
While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.
ask sb.to do请求某人做...
To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately.
to my surprise:真让我惊讶
'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'
pay for : 为...而付钱
ask for:问...要
I have paid for you a dinner.
I have paid 20 dollars for the book. (强调)
It's my treat.我请客
Let's go Dutch. AA制
This time is your treat. Next time is my turn.
【Key structures】 关键句型
Exercises A
a. what is happening now……进行时态
b. what always happens……一般时态
c. what happened……过去时态
d. what has happened……现在完成时态
e. what was happening……过去进行时态
a. He is now working at a bank.(现阶段)
We are learning English.
b.(现在、过去、将来)习惯、反复
He always lent his CD to the others.(过去)
I will visit you.(将来)
I visit you(无论现在, 过去, 还是将来)
c.在过去的时间里, 发生的事情, 不强调对现在的影响和跟其它时间的比较, 叫一般过去式.
过去的过去……过去完成时
有过去发生的动作, 但是还强调对现在的影响……现在完成时
有(yesterday, last night)以前的事情, 没有强调对现在的影响……一般过去时
d.过去的行为对现在产生的影响或者过去的行为一直延续到现在……现在完成时
e.过去某一特定时间发生的动作……过去进行时
Exercises C
1 He usually ______ (get) up at 7 o'clock, but this morning he ______ (get) up at 6 o'clock.
2 So far, we not ______ (have) a reply.
3 While he ______ (write) on the blackboard, the children ______ (talk).
4 I can't come now. At the moment I ______ (type) a letter.
5 As the royal visitors ______ (pass), the people cheered.
D Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1.gets...got
2.have not had (have-have had)
so far:up to now 到目前为止 现在完成时
3.was writing were talking
4.I'm typing at the moment……标志着现在进行时; now
5.were passing
Exercises D
The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan. A few years after he ______ (become) ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, ______ (die). The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in her honour. Experts ______ (call) in from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls. The Taj Mahal which ______ (begin) in 1632 and ______ (complete) in 1654 ______ (cost) a fortune. Up to the present day, it ______ (visit) by millions of people.
...动词的正确语态填空, 时态
先确定主被动, 然后确定时态
in the seventeenth century……一般过去时的标志
The Taj Mahal……泰姬陵
Was built;
Became;
Died;
Was built
in one's honour: 为了纪念某人
were called (call in:召集)
was begun;
was completed;
cost;
has been visited; (up to the present day=up to now)
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
4 Tony is working at a bank ______ .
a.at the moment b.a year ago c.since last year d.for a year
4.a
at the moment:现在进行时
since:自从 点时间
for:一段 (+段时间)
for three hours; since yesterday; for a day; for three days
since three days ago
8 He gets a good salary. His salary is very ______ .
a.good b.well c.fine d.beautiful
8.a
good salary well:表示好的时候一般用作副词
He is well.(一般指身体好)
fine……天气好, 质量好
beautiful 美丽 漂亮的
10 Tony must pay the money back. He must ______ .
a. pay it again b. pay it c. repay it d. pay it once more
10.c
pay back:还钱
pay something:付钱 pay again;再次付钱
pay it :付钱 once more=again
repay it =pay back
11 There aren't enough chairs here for us all. Please bring ______ one.
a. other b. another c. extra d. a different
11.one……代词, 指代上文的名词 The red one.
a different one
one……指代单数可数名词,可数名词单数前一定要加’a/an’如 : He is a boy
an other
【Special Difficulties】 难点
I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.
ask somebody to do something.
want to do something want somebody to do
会用sb to do sth的动词 :
ask; want; tell; order; expect; wish; allow; advise; like; teach; prefer...
一定不能说 hope somebody to do 正确用法 : hope to do (希望自己)或hope that(希望别人)
Exercises A(将括弧内的词按正确的语序排好. )
1 The officer ordered (to fire, at the enemy, the men).
2 He wants(his wife, this dress, to wear).
3 She wants(us, it, to explain).
4 I cannot allow (the room, him, to enter).
B Write similar sentences using the following.
Exercises B(模仿以上例句完成以下句子)
1 He asked ______
2 We prefer ______
3 He taught ______
4 My mother wished ______
5 Do you want ______ ?
1.He ask somebody to do something
He asked his wife to let him in.
2.prefer : 宁可
I prefer him to die.
..........
b.salary wages c.borrow from lend to
Exercises:
1 He is a bank manager and he gets a good ______ .
2 I ______ him some money and he said he would give it back to me when he got his
3 Yesterday he ______ my laptop. I hope he returns it soon.
4 The postmen are on strike again. They want higher ______ .
5 Workmen’s ______ have gone up a lot in the last year.
1. Salary;
2. Lend salary/wages
3.borrowed (laptop:手提电脑)
4. Wages.
5. Wages.
难点 :
...somebody to do something
